I thought the issue was the device icon? Does the device icon show? It should, since that output looks like the device is present in the Computer folder and the dropdown. It looks like the problem is just with subfolders; do their icons show when you navigate to the device root?
Wondering because if the root works ok, can we work around by using resolving with an IShellFolder always for the root and an relative pidl from there.
If it's working in Win8.1, it definitely sounds like a bug in the APIs though. Just one other thought... what about passing the display names 'Internet...' instead of 'SID-...' after the root?

I'll check it out myself in a bit, it's a cell phone or tablet right? Connected mine (also Android) as both file transfer and camera and could go as deep as I wanted without issue on Win7 too; I'll have to check on my roomies Win10 laptop later.