No, it can't work at all over the Internet.

Even using it between machines on a LAN there are limitations. As it says in the documentation:
With one important exception, file views derived from a single file-mapping object are coherent, or identical, at a given time. If multiple processes have handles of the same file-mapping object, they see a coherent view of the data when they map a view of the file.

The exception has to do with remote files. Although CreateFileMapping works with remote files, it does not keep them coherent. For example, if two computers both map a file as writable, and both change the same page, each computer will only see its own writes to the page.
This is an inter-process communication (IPC) technique and not a network protocol.

It can't work with any random OS either, whether from Apple or anyone else.