I will try to comment it a bit more and as MrShickadance said, make it cleaner.

Code:
' Declare our variables
Dim X As Integer
Dim IsWhole As Boolean
Dim DivideIt As Integer

' Loop until we get a good number
Do While Not IsWhole = True
    DoEvents     ' Let Windows do other tasks
    Randomize    ' Create a Random seed value
    X = Int(Rnd * 360) 'Generate a vlue from 0-360
    If X >= 24 Then    'If X is equal to or greater than 24
        DivideIt = 360 / X    ' Store 360 / X in a variable
        
        'CInt converts the number to a whole number. So this
        'statement will subtract DivideIt from DivideIt when 
        'it is rounded as a whole number. If DivideIt has
        'some decimals, they would be left over so your 
        'answer will not equal 0, therefor, we do not accept it
        IsWhole = (DivideIt - CInt(DivideIt)) = 0
    End If
Loop

Label1.Caption = X