RecordCount = ListAdapter.Fill(ListTable)
ListDataSet.Tables.Add(ListTable)
That got me there Paul. I added the line,
Code:
ListDataSet.Tables.Add(ListTable)
to my connection class (MasterBaseConn).

After removing the combobox.ValueMember and the combobox.DisplayMember from the GetDeptList() routine the for Each Next loop ran exactly as expected and the combobox was able to do it's job. Apparently, with caveats.

The combobox is handled using the routine GetDeptList(), shown below.

Code:
    Private Sub GetDeptList()
        MyQuery = "Department ComboBox query"
        cboDept.Items.Clear()
        MasterBase.MasterBaseQuery("SELECT colDept FROM lkpDept")
        If RecordCount > 0 Then
            For Each r As DataRow In MasterBase.ListDataSet.Tables(0).Rows
                cboDept.Items.Add(r("colDept"))
            Next
            cboDept.DataSource = MasterBase.ListDataSet
            'cboDept.ValueMember = "colDept"
            'cboDept.DisplayMember = "colDept"
            cboDept.SelectedIndex = -1
        ElseIf MasterBase.Exception <> "" Then
            MsgBox(MasterBase.Exception)
        End If
    End Sub
This above routine is called from SetState()

Code:
    Private Sub SetState(ByVal appstate As String)
#Region "Color Pallet"


#End Region
#Region "Default Form Properties"
        Text = "Employee Record"
#End Region
#Region "Default Button Properties"
        btnEdit.Enabled = True
        btnSave.Enabled = True
        btnScan.Enabled = False
        btnCancel.Enabled = True
        btnClose.Enabled = True
        btnHelp.Enabled = False
#End Region
#Region "Default Control Properties"
        pnlRecord.Enabled = True
        lblStaffID.Enabled = False
        txtFirst.ReadOnly = False
        txtMiddle.ReadOnly = False
        txtLast.ReadOnly = False
        txtTitle.ReadOnly = False
        txtEnd.ReadOnly = False
        cboDept.Enabled = True
        cboDept.Sorted = True
        GetDeptList()
        txtDetail.ReadOnly = False
        rdoActive.Enabled = True
        rdoObsolete.Enabled = True
#End Region
        Select Case appstate
#Region "Case Add"
            Case "Add"
                btnEdit.Enabled = False
                btnClose.Enabled = False
                cboDept.SelectedIndex = -1
#End Region
#Region "Case Edit"
            Case "Edit"
                btnEdit.Enabled = False
                btnClose.Enabled = False
#End Region
#Region "Case View"
            Case "View"
                btnCancel.Enabled = False
                btnSave.Enabled = False
                txtFirst.ReadOnly = True
                txtMiddle.ReadOnly = True
                txtLast.ReadOnly = True
                txtTitle.ReadOnly = True
                txtEnd.ReadOnly = True
                cboDept.Enabled = False
                txtDetail.ReadOnly = True
                rdoActive.Enabled = False
                rdoObsolete.Enabled = False
#End Region
        End Select
    End Sub
After I created the new record and used the combobox, I closed that form and returned to the list form, which now showed the newly created record in DGVList on the form. I clicked the record in the DGVList which opened the record form to that record and it was here that the error occurred when SetState() was called.

I read the exception as telling me that the combobox setting is a one time thing and cannot be recreated. That does not seem right to me. If you can tell me where/what I am still doing wrong you could save what little hair I have left, after already pulling most of it out over this.