I believe that when one talks about Mathematics on a conceptual level, it is inseperable from philosophy.

In fact, if you look back over time at many of the great philosophers, you will notice that many of them were also mathematicians as well.

I believe that not enough emphasis is put on the conceptual side of maths in schools (too much on the mechanics) and that is why maths is generally an unpopular subject. We learn the mechanics of mathematical operations without any regard as to why it came about or how it fits in with other ideas.