Access allows you to set user permissions for the various database objects under Tools - Security. This wouldn't disable a button on a form, but you could disable the form itself, or set it read only, etc, for a particular user, or disable running the query, report, whatever under the click event.
If that's not what you want, you can use an API call to get the logged in username and allow/disallow using that. If you have a large group of non allowed users, and a similar one of allowed users, it could be cumbersome to check all the names in code, especially if the permissions are mixed. Not to mention that everytime permissions change, you'd have to go back & change the code.
You could have a user table with a field for every affected control and check the user name against their permissions in that, But I'd hate to maintain it.
Anyway, here's a link on the API call.