Well if all of your tiles are going to be the same size, you could just have a text file define the different kind of blocks, here's an example:

00000000000000
11100001111001
00001100000000
22200031444444
22211001444444
11111111111111

0 - Plain air, can be passed through in any direction
1 - Solid, can be passed through by jumping up, but not left right or down.
2 - Ice, Completly solid, can not be passed through, but slick on top.
3 - Spring, can not be passed through in any direction, but on top is a jump pad.
4 - Water, can be passed through, but always floats you to the top. Can not swim down.

This is just to give you a little idea of how your system may work. Just hard code all of these materials into your game engine or whatever, good luck.

-Dylan