Newline in constant? Overloading the << operator

[struntz]

hello everyone!
I'm getting back into programming once again! wee.
Okay, anyways, I was trying to overload the ostream operator << so i could output my Complex numbers by using, Complex x(3,4); cout <<"x=" << x << endl;
so here is my Complex.h

//complex.h

class Complex
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &ostrm, const Complex& x);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream &istrm, const Complex &x);
	int top;
	int bottom;
	//constructors
public:
	Complex(int x = 0, int y = 1)
	{ top = x; bottom = y;}
	
	//copy constructor
	Complex(Complex &x)
	{
		top = x.top;
		bottom = x.bottom;
	}




Complex operator +(const Complex &b)
{
	Complex c;
	c.top = top + b.top;
	c.bottom = bottom + b.bottom;
	return c;
}

Complex operator -(const Complex &b)
{
	Complex c;
	c.top = top - b.top;
	c.bottom = bottom - b.bottom;
	return c;
}

Complex operator *(const Complex &b)
{
	return (Complex(top * b.top, bottom * b.bottom));
}

void operator+=(Complex &b)
{
	top = top + b.top;
	bottom = bottom + b.bottom;
}

void operator+()
{
	cout << top << "\\" << bottom << endl;
}


};


//friend functions

ostream& operator<<(ostream &ostrm, const Complex &x)
{
	return ostrm << x.top << '\' << x.bottom;  //error here
	
}


istream& operator>>(istream &istrm, const Complex&x)
{
	cout << "Enter numerator: ";  istrm >> x.top;
	cout << "Enter denominator: "; istrm >> x.bottom;
	return istrm;
}

here are my errors:
--------------------Configuration: ComplexII - Win32 Debug--------------------
Compiling...
complex.cpp
C:\unzipped\VC++\ComplexII\complex.cpp(7) : error C2001: newline in constant
C:\unzipped\VC++\ComplexII\complex.cpp(7) : error C2015: too many characters in constant
C:\unzipped\VC++\ComplexII\complex.cpp(9) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '}'
Error executing cl.exe.

ComplexII.exe - 3 error(s), 0 warning(s)


Any idea of what i'm doing wrong?
Thanks!

[riis]

What are those two single quotes doing in that line? If you replace them with double quotes (and maybe a space or another character inside), then you might be able to compile your program. Single quotes are normally used for representing character values, like char x = 'a'

[CornedBee]

If he wants to output a single character single quotes are ok. But he should have something in between, e.g. ' '

Which line is #7?

[struntz]

Thanks for the replies...

Line #7 is, this line:

ostream& operator<<(ostream &ostrm, const Complex &x)
{
	return ostrm << x.top << '\' << x.bottom;
	
}

and there is infact a \ in those ' ' but u can't see it becuase this messageboard must not like the \, so it doesn't appear in the post

[CornedBee]

Is there a double \\ in the ''? Else the compiler will assume you want to escape the closing ' and is therefore completly right to complain about too many characters and a newline in the constant.

[struntz]

Thanks Bee! it works!
but how can I make it output the backslash character?> '\' didn't work neither did "\"
also, The << works, but now the >> doesn't work....

istream& operator>>(istream &istrm, const Complex&x)
{
	cout << "Enter numerator: ";  istrm >> x.top;
	cout << "Enter denominator: "; istrm >> x.bottom;
	return istrm;
}

when I do the following....
int main(void)
{
Complex x;
cin >> x;
return 0;
}

the console window gets flooded when I run the program

[CornedBee]

First answer: '\\'

Second answer: const Complex&x
This means the object you pass is not modifiable. But you want to modify it, so the reference must not be const.
Complex&x

[struntz]

Thanks CornedBee! You are "the man"
Everything works fine now!