Okay so far Java is much the same as C syntax and many other respects, not all... Here is one place that is definatly different -- no dynamic memory access em I to imagine? I found myself stuck when trying to play around and learn some stuff on my own. I needed to pass a string by ref so I could alter the value of the passed String object parameter in a function and the original variable would also change. If definetly tried reference & and dereference *.