I think that Starman is asking if it can be proven that the shadow graph results in a straight line, as implied by his empirical data.
This looks like a tricky question to answer.
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Yes thinktank, I am questioning the validity of my guesses, but Guv has rephrased my meanderings into a proper question. Is it a straight line?
I wonder if it’s as simple as marking the end of the shadow on the ground throughout the day? – I would try this myself but the sun here is almost permanently obscured by cloud at this time of year and I am rarely in a place where I can mark a shadow through a whole day.
I’ve tried drawing an inverted cone with an inclined plane cutting it, but I can’t properly visualise or draw the projected path – it seems to be a conic section with a much more pronounced curve than our measurements indicated.
The measurements were made mostly on grass so there is obviously plenty of inaccuracy - it's hard to tell where the end of the shadow is, but it's probably within 10cm.
With only these few points and one of those being taken on a different day this may be slightly less than scientific - this was for an eight year olds class homework.
I didn't realise how long ago this was, I can brood about things for ages. Anyway...
According to my psion, Sunrise for the 23rd was at 06:47 and Sunset at 18:57.
Plotted on a polar graph as described, the 16:00 stands out, but the other measurements seem to fall on a line nearly parallel to the sunrise-sunset line.
My guesses were that the distance between these lines in some way represents the height of my daughter (which I didn't record), and that the 16:00 does not fit the line as this was taken a day earlier.