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Thread: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DATA

  1. #1

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    [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DATA

    The simplest version APIs all lie unless you have a manifest. If you want to be sure you get the real version no matter what, there's various more complicated techniques. The one I had been using involved reading the version info from kernel32.dll. This way is easier, and involves a neat technique. The KUSER_SHARED_DATA type is always resident in memory. You can declare it, then copy it, with no APIs besides CopyMemory.

    The version info can be extracted directly. To use this, you need no declares besides CopyMemory:

    Code:
            Dim dwMajor As Long, dwMinor As Long, dwBuild As Long
            CopyMemory dwMajor, ByVal &H7FFE026C, 4
            CopyMemory dwMinor, ByVal &H7FFE0270, 4
            CopyMemory dwBuild, ByVal &H7FFE0260, 4
            Debug.Print dwMajor & "." & dwMinor & "." & dwBuild
    That's based on the offsets of the members of the full type.

    If you're interested in the full type, the following is the expanded form: It also returns a ton of other info.

    Code:
    Public Type LARGE_INTEGER
    #If (TWINBASIC = 1) Or (Win64 = 1) Then
        QuadPart As LongLong
    #Else
       lowpart As Long
       highpart As Long
    #End If
    End Type
    Public Type KSYSTEM_TIME
        LowPart As Long '0x0
        High1Time As Long '0x4
        High2Time As Long '0x8
    End Type
    Public Enum NT_PRODUCT_TYPE
        NtProductWinNt = 1
        NtProductLanManNt = 2
        NtProductServer = 3
    End Enum
    Public Enum ALTERNATIVE_ARCHITECTURE_TYPE
        StandardDesign = 0
        NEC98x86 = 1
        EndAlternatives = 2
    End Enum
    Public Enum VER_SUITE_VALUES
        VER_SERVER_NT = &H80000000
        VER_WORKSTATION_NT = &H40000000
        VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS = &H00000001
        VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE = &H00000002
        VER_SUITE_BACKOFFICE = &H00000004
        VER_SUITE_COMMUNICATIONS = &H00000008
        VER_SUITE_TERMINAL = &H00000010
        VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS_RESTRICTED = &H00000020
        VER_SUITE_EMBEDDEDNT = &H00000040
        VER_SUITE_DATACENTER = &H00000080
        VER_SUITE_SINGLEUSERTS = &H00000100
        VER_SUITE_PERSONAL = &H00000200
        VER_SUITE_BLADE = &H00000400
        VER_SUITE_EMBEDDED_RESTRICTED = &H00000800
        VER_SUITE_SECURITY_APPLIANCE = &H00001000
        VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER = &H00002000
        VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER = &H00004000
        VER_SUITE_WH_SERVER = &H00008000&
        VER_SUITE_MULTIUSERTS = &H00020000
    End Enum
    
    Public Type KUSER_SHARED_DATA
        TickCountLowDeprecated As Long '0x0
        TickCountMultiplier As Long '0x4
        InterruptTime As KSYSTEM_TIME '0x8
        SystemTime As KSYSTEM_TIME '0x14
        TimeZoneBias As KSYSTEM_TIME '0x20
        ImageNumberLow As Integer '0x2c
        ImageNumberHigh As Integer '0x2e
        NtSystemRoot(0 To 259) As Integer '0x30
        MaxStackTraceDepth As Long '0x238
        CryptoExponent As Long '0x23c
        TimeZoneId As Long '0x240
        LargePageMinimum As Long '0x244
        ' Reserved2(0 To 6) As Long '0x248
        AitSamplingValue As Long '0x24C
        AppCompatFlag As Long '0x250
        #If (TWINBASIC = 1) Or (Win64 = 1) Then
        RNGSeedVersion As LongLong
        #Else
        RNGSeedVersion As Currency
        #End If
        GlobalValidationRunlevel As Long
        TimeZoneBiasStamp As Long
        NtBuildNumber As Long
        NtProductType As NT_PRODUCT_TYPE '0x264
        ProductTypeIsValid As Byte '0x268
        Reserved0 As Byte
        NativeProcessorArchitecture As Integer
        NtMajorVersion As Long '0x26c
        NtMinorVersion As Long '0x270
        ProcessorFeatures(0 To 63) As Byte '0x274
        Reserved1 As Long '0x2b4
        Reserved3 As Long '0x2b8
        TimeSlip As Long '0x2bc
        AlternativeArchitecture As ALTERNATIVE_ARCHITECTURE_TYPE '0x2c0
        BootId As Long 'Windows 10+ only
        SystemExpirationDate As LARGE_INTEGER '0x2c8
        SuiteMask As VER_SUITE_VALUES '0x2d0
        KdDebuggerEnabled As Byte '0x2d4
        MitigationPolicies As Byte '0x2d5
        CyclesPerYield As Integer 'Only on Win10 1903 and higher
        ActiveConsoleId As Long '0x2d8
        DismountCount As Long '0x2dc
        ComPlusPackage As Long '0x2e0
        LastSystemRITEventTickCount As Long '0x2e4
        NumberOfPhysicalPages As Long '0x2e8
        SafeBootMode As Byte '0x2ec
        VirtualizationFlags As Byte
        Reserved12(1) As Byte
        SharedDataFlags As Long '0x2f0 NOTE: TraceLogging on 2k/XP
        DataFlagsPad(0) As Long
        #If (TWINBASIC = 1) Or (Win64 = 1) Then
        TestRetInstruction As LongLong '0x2f8
        #Else
        TestRetInstruction As Currency
        #End If
        SystemCall As Long '0x300
        SystemCallReturn As Long '0x304
        #If (TWINBASIC = 1) Or (Win64 = 1) Then
        SystemCallPad(0 To 2) As LongLong '0x308
        TickCountQuad As LongLong '0x320
        #Else
        SystemCallPad(0 To 2) As Currency    
        TickCountQuad As Currency
        #End If
        'union
        '{
        '    volatile struct _KSYSTEM_TIME TickCount;                            //0x320
        'TickCount As KSYSTEM_TIME
        ReservedTickCountOverlay(1) As Long 'Since not using _KSYSTEM_TIME
        '};
        Cookie As Long '0x330
        'Wow64SharedInformation(0 To 15) As Long '0x334
    End Type
    There's a lot more on the end, but it's not particularly useful, varies from version to version. The one given will work on XP-11.
    Then using it is as simple as:

    Code:
    #If VBA7 Then
    Public Declare PtrSafe Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As LongPtr)
    #Else
    Public Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As Long)
    #End If
    
        Private Sub ReadRealVersion()
            Dim kusd As KUSER_SHARED_DATA
            CopyMemory kusd, ByVal &H7ffe0000, LenB(kusd)
            Debug.Print kusd.NtMajorVersion & "." & kusd.NtMinorVersion & "." & kusd.NtBuildNumber
        End Sub
    The address is the same for both 32bit and 64bit, so need for an alternate version.

    The type as provided here is compatible with XP through 11. Build number is only correct on 10/11, but it's much less significant earlier anyway. The type can be truncated after ProcessorFeatures for Windows 2000 and NT4 compatibility-- the top snippet without declares works on NT4-11.
    Last edited by fafalone; Mar 21st, 2024 at 04:28 AM.

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  3. #3

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    I'm not seeing any issue... I compiled an exe in tB in LAA and it worked fine; were you seeing a problem with however you get VB6 to compile with that?

  4. #4
    PowerPoster wqweto's Avatar
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Didn't test it but the fixed address is halfway through address space and looks weird for LAA process.

    cheers,
    </wqw>

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Seems even weirder to me that the address is the same on both 32 and 64bit, but it works. The address is documented; there's Microsoft-written articles talking about it and the struct has an MSDN entry. Having a fixed address is one of the main points of it, it seems. The only time it's different is when you're in kernel mode; it's got a separate fixed address for that.

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    I updated the post with an even easier method. I realized you don't even need the declares.

    Code:
            Dim dwMajor As Long, dwMinor As Long, dwBuild As Long
            CopyMemory dwMajor, ByVal &H7FFE026C, 4
            CopyMemory dwMinor, ByVal &H7FFE0270, 4
            CopyMemory dwBuild, ByVal &H7FFE0260, 4
            MsgBox dwMajor & "." & dwMinor & "." & dwBuild
    That's it, nothing else besides CopyMemory needed, and works on Windows NT4 through 11, on 32bit and 64bit.

  7. #7
    PowerPoster wqweto's Avatar
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Wicked! Here is a single API call impl

    Code:
        Dim aBuffer(0 To 4) As Long
        Call CopyMemory(aBuffer(0), ByVal &H7FFE0260, 20)
        Debug.Print aBuffer(3) & "." & aBuffer(4) & "." & aBuffer(0)
    . . . or wrapped in a property

    Code:
    Option Explicit
    
    Private Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As Long)
    
    Private Enum UcsOsVersionEnum
        ucsOsvNt4 = 400
        ucsOsvWin98 = 410
        ucsOsvWin2000 = 500
        ucsOsvXp = 501
        ucsOsvVista = 600
        ucsOsvWin7 = 601
        ucsOsvWin8 = 602
        [ucsOsvWin8.1] = 603
        ucsOsvWin10 = 1000
    End Enum
    
    Private Sub Form_Load()
        Dim lBuildNo As Long
        Debug.Print RealOsVersion(lBuildNo), lBuildNo
    End Sub
    
    Private Property Get RealOsVersion(Optional BuildNo As Long) As UcsOsVersionEnum
        Dim aBuffer(0 To 4) As Long
        
        Call CopyMemory(aBuffer(0), ByVal &H7FFE0260, 20)
        BuildNo = aBuffer(0)
        RealOsVersion = aBuffer(3) * 100 + aBuffer(4)
    End Property
    cheers,
    </wqw>

  8. #8
    Frenzied Member VanGoghGaming's Avatar
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    Lightbulb Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    And if "dwBuild >= 22000" then it's Windows 11.

    What does your "ucs" abbreviation stand for?

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Yup this is my new standard now... I keep version info around and call ReadWindowsVersion on startup.

    Code:
        Private bIsWinVistaOrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin7OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin8OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin10OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWinRS5OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin11OrGreater As Boolean
    
        Private Sub ReadWindowsVersion()
        Dim dwMajor As Long, dwMinor As Long, dwBuild As Long
        CopyMemory dwMajor, ByVal &H7FFE026C, 4
        CopyMemory dwMinor, ByVal &H7FFE0270, 4
        CopyMemory dwBuild, ByVal &H7FFE0260, 4
        If dwMajor >= 6 Then
            bIsWinVistaOrGreater = True
            If dwMinor >= 1& Then bIsWin7OrGreater = True
            If dwMinor >= 2& Then bIsWin8OrGreater = True
            If (dwMinor = 4) Or (dwMajor >= 10) Then bIsWin10OrGreater = True
            If (dwMajor >= 10) And (dwBuild >= 17763) Then
                bIsWinRS5OrGreater = True
                If dwBuild >= 22000 Then bIsWin11OrGreater = True
            End If
        End If
        End Sub

  10. #10
    PowerPoster wqweto's Avatar
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Quote Originally Posted by VanGoghGaming View Post
    And if "dwBuild >= 22000" then it's Windows 11.

    What does your "ucs" abbreviation stand for?
    I'm interested in build 20348 for Windows Server 2022 too, which has the earliest Schannel version with functional TLS 1.3 support :-))

    Well, the prefix remains from when I copy/paste my company production code here. . .

    Quote Originally Posted by fafalone View Post
    Yup this is my new standard now... I keep version info around and call ReadWindowsVersion on startup.
    It's so cheap (a single API call) that "caching" results is not worth it anymore, IMO.

    cheers,
    </wqw>

  11. #11
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Quote Originally Posted by fafalone View Post
    Yup this is my new standard now... I keep version info around and call ReadWindowsVersion on startup.

    Code:
        Private bIsWinVistaOrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin7OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin8OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin10OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWinRS5OrGreater As Boolean
        Private bIsWin11OrGreater As Boolean
    
        Private Sub ReadWindowsVersion()
        Dim dwMajor As Long, dwMinor As Long, dwBuild As Long
        CopyMemory dwMajor, ByVal &H7FFE026C, 4
        CopyMemory dwMinor, ByVal &H7FFE0270, 4
        CopyMemory dwBuild, ByVal &H7FFE0260, 4
        If dwMajor >= 6 Then
            bIsWinVistaOrGreater = True
            If dwMinor >= 1& Then bIsWin7OrGreater = True
            If dwMinor >= 2& Then bIsWin8OrGreater = True
            If (dwMinor = 4) Or (dwMajor >= 10) Then bIsWin10OrGreater = True
            If (dwMajor >= 10) And (dwBuild >= 17763) Then
                bIsWinRS5OrGreater = True
                If dwBuild >= 22000 Then bIsWin11OrGreater = True
            End If
        End If
        End Sub
    That code is dangerous
    Code:
    If (dwMajor >= 10) And (dwBuild >= 17763) Then
    Because what happens if dwMajor is 12 and dwBuild is below 17763 ?

  12. #12
    PowerPoster wqweto's Avatar
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Been there, done that, should've used If dwMajor > 10 Or (dwMajor = 10 And dwBuild >= 17763) Then

    cheers,
    </wqw>

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Good catch, thanks

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Interesting but what is the reason MS makes the API lie?

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    Talking Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    With the release of Windows 8.1, the behavior of the GetVersionEx API has changed in the value it will return for the operating system version. The value returned by the GetVersionEx function now depends on how the application is manifested.

    Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/wi...-getversionexw

    So far I've been relying on the WMI object to return the OS version but this KUSER_SHARED_DATA seems more slick!

  16. #16

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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Who knows what the actual why is. You have to be doing something pretty unusual for version lie to be desirable; but then, why should *everyone* have to worry about it instead of just the people who would want a system API to lie to them?

    WMI seems like overkill... it's often disabled for security these days and the COM objects are a very heavyweight solution. I had been reading the kernel32.dll version before this:

    Code:
        Private Sub ReadWindowsVersion()
        'GetVersion[Ex] does not work with Win8 and above, so we'll go by kernel32 version
        'GetFileVersionInfo does not work with some versions of Win10 and above.
    
        Dim hMod As LongPtr
        Dim hRes As LongPtr
    
        hMod = LoadLibraryW(StrPtr("kernel32.dll"))
        If hMod Then
            hRes = FindResourceW(hMod, StrPtr("#1"), RT_VERSION)
            If hRes Then
                Dim hGbl As LongPtr
                hGbl = LoadResource(hMod, hRes)
                If (hGbl) Then
                    Dim lpRes As LongPtr
                    lpRes = LockResource(hGbl)
                    If lpRes Then
                        Dim tVerInfo As VS_VERSIONINFO_FIXED_PORTION
                        CopyMemory tVerInfo, ByVal lpRes, Len(tVerInfo)
                        If tVerInfo.Value.dwFileVersionMSh >= 6& Then
                            bIsWinVistaOrGreater = True
                            If tVerInfo.Value.dwFileVersionMSl >= 1& Then bIsWin7OrGreater = True
                            If tVerInfo.Value.dwFileVersionMSl >= 2& Then bIsWin8OrGreater = True: bIsWin7OrGreater = True
                            If (tVerInfo.Value.dwFileVersionMSl = 4&) Or (tVerInfo.Value.dwFileVersionMSh >= 10&) Then
                                bIsWin7OrGreater = True
                                bIsWin8OrGreater = True
                                bIsWin10OrGreater = True
                            End If
                        End If
                    End If
                End If
            End If
            FreeLibrary hMod
        End If
        End Sub
    Another solution was the PEB...

    Public Declare PtrSafe Function RtlGetCurrentPeb Lib "ntdll" () As LongPtr

    Then major (Long), minor (Long) and build (Integer) start at 0x0A4 (32bit)/0x118 (64bit)


    Which comes from

    Code:
    [Description("This is the base compatibility PEB, usuable from Windows XP through 11+. For additional members, see additional PEBs, e.g. PEB_VISTA.")]
    Public Type PEB
        InheritedAddressSpace As Byte
        ReadImageFileExecOptions As Byte
        BeingDebugged As Byte
        /* [ TypeHint(PEB_BITFIELD_OLD) ] */ BitField As Byte
        Mutant As LongPtr
        ImageBaseAddress As LongPtr
        Ldr As LongPtr
        ProcessParameters As LongPtr 'RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS
        SubSystemData As LongPtr
        ProcessHeap As LongPtr
        FastPebLock As LongPtr
        AtlThunkSListPtr As LongPtr
        SparePtr2 As LongPtr
        EnvironmentUpdateCount As Long
        KernelCallbackTable As LongPtr
        SystemReserved(0) As Long
        SpareUlong As Long
        FreeList As LongPtr
        TlsExpansionCounter As Long
        TlsBitmap As LongPtr
        TlsBitmapBits(1) As Long
        ReadOnlySharedMemoryBase As LongPtr
        ReadOnlySharedMemoryHeap As LongPtr
        ReadOnlyStaticServerData As LongPtr
        AnsiCodePageData As LongPtr
        OemCodePageData As LongPtr
        UnicodeCaseTableData As LongPtr
        NumberOfProcessors As Long
        NtGlobalFlag As NTGLB_Flags
        #If (TWINBASIC = 0) And (Win64 = 0) Then
        pad(3) As Byte
        #End If
        CriticalSectionTimeout As LARGE_INTEGER
        HeapSegmentReserve As LongPtr
        HeapSegmentCommit As LongPtr
        HeapDeCommitTotalFreeThreshold As LongPtr
        HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold As LongPtr
        NumberOfHeaps As Long
        MaximumNumberOfHeaps As Long
        ProcessHeaps As LongPtr
        GdiSharedHandleTable As LongPtr
        ProcessStarterHelper As LongPtr
        GdiDCAttributeList As Long
        LoaderLock As LongPtr
        OSMajorVersion As Long
        OSMinorVersion As Long
        OSBuildNumber As Integer
        OSCSDVersion As Integer
        OSPlatformId As Long
        ImageSubsystem As ImageSubsystemType
        ImageSubsystemMajorVersion As Long
        ImageSubsystemMinorVersion As Long
        ImageProcessAffinityMask As LongPtr
        #If Win64 Then
        GdiHandleBuffer(59) As Long
        #Else
        GdiHandleBuffer(33) As Long
        #End If
        PostProcessInitRoutine As LongPtr
        TlsExpansionBitmap As LongPtr
        TlsExpansionBitmapBits(31) As Long
        SessionId As Long
        AppCompatFlagsHi As Long
        AppCompatFlags As APP_COMPAT_FLAGS 'ULARGE_INTEGER
        AppCompatFlagUser As LARGE_INTEGER
        pShimData As LongPtr
        AppCompatInfo As LongPtr
        CSDVersion As UNICODE_STRING
        ActivationContextData As LongPtr
        ProcessAssemblyStorageMap As LongPtr
        SystemDefaultActivationContextData As LongPtr
        SystemAssemblyStorageMap As LongPtr
        MinimumStackCommit As LongPtr
        #If (TWINBASIC = 0) And (Win64 = 0) Then
        pad2(3) As Byte
        #End If
    End Type

    But KUSER_SHARED_DATA definitely wins now, because you only need the CopyMemory API; the above you'd need the API to get the PEB address *and* CopyMemory, at a minimum, plus different offsets for x86/x64..

  17. #17
    Frenzied Member VanGoghGaming's Avatar
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    Talking Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    I've never heard of WMI being disabled. It's an integral part of Windows and many important services depend on it, such as the Windows Firewall. While this may be true in some heavily restricted corporate environments, it's almost never true for regular users.

    Also it's pretty hard to beat this one-liner that always returns the correct version:

    Code:
    Debug.Print GetObject("winmgmts:").InstancesOf("Win32_OperatingSystem").ItemIndex(0).Version
    Still, "KUSER_SHARED_DATA" wins hands down.

  18. #18
    PowerPoster wqweto's Avatar
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    Re: [VB6/VBA/twinBASIC] The quickest way to the real Windows version: KUSER_SHARED_DA

    Btw, on net stop winmgmt in admin prompt I get a "The Windows Management Instrumentation service could not be stopped" message so it's not that simple to disable WMI but it makes sense for systems in kiosk mode: POS terminals, ATM machines, etc.

    cheers,
    </wqw>

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